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thank you foreign friends we're taking colossal risks with the future of civilization on Earth We're degrading life support system that we all depend on we're actually pushing
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the entire Earth system to a point of destabilization pushing Earth outside of the state that has support civilization since we left the last ice age 10 000 years ago this requires a transformation to safe
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and just Earth system boundaries for the whole world economy the question is why these are the 16 tipping elements the large biophysical systems that we have scientific evidence that the regulates
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the state of the entire climate system on Earth nine of these 16 are showing signs of instability push them too far and they will shift over from supporting Humanity
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to starting to undermine Humanity four of these are showing scientific evidence of now being at risk already at 1.5 degrees Celsius we're approaching this point very rapidly two of them the
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green on ice sheet and the West Antarctic ice sheet together represent 10 meters sea level rise this shows scientifically that 1.5 degrees Celsius is a physical limit it is not a
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political Target but what I say next will be the most alarming thing we are more and more scientific evidence of connectivity between these tipping elements Cascade risk abdominals let me give you one example here's the one that
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is most researched green and ice sheet accelerated melting warming four times faster than the planet as a whole releasing cold fresh water slowing down the overturning of heat in the North Atlantic pushing the whole Monsoon
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system down further south causing droughts and forest fires over the Amazon rainforest one more tipping element system locking warm surface or water in the Southern Ocean accelerating the melting of the West Antarctic ice
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sheet the North Pole is connected to the South Pole in regulating the stability of the entire Earth system dear friends scientifically this is not a climate crisis
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we are now facing something deeper mass extinction air pollution undermining ecosystem functions really putting Humanity's future at risk
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this is a planetary crisis worlds are uninhabitable this uninhabitable zone is increasing if we continue with our greenhouse gas emissions then by 2070 as many as 3
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billion people will live in uninhabitable zones and mostly in poorer countries and this basically means that these people who probably have the least contribution to the climate problem have
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been the ones that are most exposed in times of Crisis uh temporary humanitarian Corridor opens up to enable people to escape from the danger zone
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we need in this Century a safe and just Corridor for all people to exit the danger zone but also to ensure that all people have access to basic needs rights
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uh rights to a water food energy and infrastructure this is a key question for scientists can we quantify safe and just Earth
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system boundaries or an earth system corridor in 2019 the Global Commons Alliance created the Earth commission to answer this question they invited natural and
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social scientists to push the boundary of science to discover an answer three years later we believe that we have Quantified safe and just boundaries for
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the different domains and in this we include Justice between people Justice between people within generations and Justice between people and nature we can
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say with certainty that if we do not include Justice then we will all be living in the danger zone so let's start with the safe boundary definitions the first one is on climate
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scientifically we conclude that 1.5 degrees Celsius is the safe boundary this aligns with the intergovernmental panel on climate change with one difference we emphasize that this is a physical limit push it beyond that point
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and we risk permanent damage on societies and the world economy the second boundary is the biosphere the biosphere is a fundamental basis for all human well-being and we have two
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boundaries defined for the biosphere the first one is the conclusion that at least 50 to 60 percent of intact nature must be remained on Earth to be able to
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support the world economy and the resilience of the entire Earth system the second boundary is for all the managed land agriculture forestry urban areas that at least 25 percent of every
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square kilometer has to have natural levels of fluorine fauna to be able to remain healthy and support the economy the third boundary is on fresh water here we have two boundaries one is that
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we have to keep at least 20 percent of natural flows and rivers intact for ecosystem services in aquatic systems the second is very basic on groundwater that extraction of groundwater levels
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must be less than the recharge levels across the world on fertilizer use one of these boundaries that are today overloading and causing dead zones pollutants also
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greenhouse gas massive implications on water quality and coastal zones we quantify here at the global level the maximum allowed loading of reactive nitrogen and reactive phosphorus used
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predominantly in fertilizer systems across the world finally the boundary on air pollution on aerosols a boundary which we today have scientific evidence that it actually has
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impacts on regulating the state of the atmosphere and the hological cycle pushing the monsoon systems in the southern hemisphere particularly into less rainfall provision we have done this on the global level and more
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targets need to be set also at the local level so here we are we have the full span of Earth system boundaries and now the question is what do these give Injustice terms we interpret Justice in
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terms of minimizing significant harm to people and meeting basic needs now in terms of climate change our Justice boundary is more stringent than the safe
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boundary at one degree Centigrade this will not come as a surprise to those people who have suffered from the impacts of climate change however it has serious consequences for people businesses and countries
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on the water issue on the biosphere issue are safe and just boundaries coincide however if you reserve large tracts of land for nature then this has
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Justice implications and therefore we need just transformations if you reserve land in every square kilometer of managed land then this is
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good for nature and also good for preserving Nature's contributions to people on water are safe and just boundaries coincide but this also implies massively
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reducing our views of water and this means we need Innovation and we need redistribution civilizations have risen and Fallen based on their ability to manage their
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scarce Water Resources we are no different on fertilizers are safe and just boundary for nitrogen is more stringent
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than the safe boundary because of nitrogen's impact on water supply systems our safe and just boundaries for phosphorus are aligned
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other related justice issues as all that we in the global North use too much fertilizer and many countries in the global South use too little
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on aerosols the just and safe targets align at the global level but we have complemented that with a local level Target in order to ensure that we avoid
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the millions of deaths that take place annually every year today meeting minimum needs Within These Earth system boundaries will require just
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transformation Innovation and redistribution Johann are we still within the safe and just corridor so here comes the final verdict of the
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scientific assessment we have done so we are today concluding that we're outside even of the just boundary on climate and within the next decade we are at risk of pushing ourselves outside of the safe
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boundary of 1.5 degrees Celsius this is a really deep concern for Humanity on the climate agenda on the biosphere we're also outside of the safe and just boundaries which is already recognized
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in the Kunming in Montreal cbd15 of the necessity of halting and reversing the loss of biodiversity by 2030 which entirely aligns with the Earth commission's assessment that we now need to keep 50 to 60 percent of the Earth's
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surface intact this means from now onwards zero loss of intact nature across the world economy when it comes to water and nutrients we're outside well outside of the safe and just
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boundaries and need a rapid transition on Justice and safety in the food system in particular on air pollutant we conclude that we are within the safe boundary at the global level but 85
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percent of the world population live in regions that are outside of the just local Air Pollution quality levels which means that we have a challenge across all the five domains that we have
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assessed we are thus dangerously beyond the safe and just boundaries and are thus unable to avoid the Tipping points as well as the widespread ecological
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injustices today and in the future but there are amazing people worldwide that are working to protect the local to Global Commons the next step is to involve businesses
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countries cities and people worldwide to accept Earth system boundaries and the just Transformations we need to live within these boundaries
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we are today 8 billion people can we and our children expect to live within these safe and just boundaries that depends on us
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as Scholars we have pushed the envelope further in terms of both safety and climate and we have made our science operationalizable if we do nothing if we do the minimum at
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this pivotal moment in our history then we and our children even if we are rich will live in the danger zone but if we if we business people if we
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governments citizens cities if we take action today then we and our children will have a future worth looking forward to thank you thank you very much
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[Applause] thank you to Johan and joita for sharing a very grim but grounded
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analysis of where we are today and defining for us what is safe and just science which needs to be translated to business action and policy three years of hard work and
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collaboration among scientists to integrate natural and social sciences as you've just seen and it helps us this is actually a Quantum lip in how we understand the planetary boundaries beyond the 1.5 degree limit for climate
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there are other interconnected Global Commons we need to think about nature fresh water fertilizers and aerosol pollutants it also talks about how we need to minimize human exposure to
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significant harm from Earth so that all of us can have a dignified life we have example today a diverse and very distinguished panel to share their reflections they come
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from government business as well as civil society from different parts of the world and the focus of the discussion today will be on leadership through Earth's New Normal
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with this grounding of science on safe and just how should we exercise our responsibility as leaders Mark if I could just put you in the spotlight first
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you've been a very successful entrepreneur as well as philanthropist and I hear that your leadership style is very much focused on building Trust also creating a work environment that enables your employees to adapt to
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change and to innovate to address the needs of the environment but beyond this Innovation is also the ability to persist and to have the
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patience to execute on this Innovation successfully I'd like to hear from you what are the Innovations in business and in Partnerships that you're most excited about and how can you how can we encourage
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business to embed more Innovation capacity when they think about their Net Zero and nature positive strategies thank you Kim way and just want to thank them can we have another round of applause for amazing
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presentation yes thank you how many folks here in this room are in an organization company country
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that committed to Net Zero strategy already would you raise your hands if you already committed to Net Zero it's you know it's encouraging it's not everyone in the room but it's
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encouraging I've been asking that of uh folks whenever I present and it's been increasingly going up but it's not everybody I don't think everybody realizes that we all have to do this we all have to do number well step number
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one we have to commit to being Net Zero we have to reduce our emissions we have no choice we just saw the evidence this is the most important thing we have to all make a commitment we have to have intentionality we have to decide what do
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we really want we have to know we want to be a net zero planet we want to be a net zero world and we want to also be nature positive I think the evidence is crystal clear that it's two things it's reduced emissions number one but it's
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also restore our ecosystems and protect them conserve them and restore them number two and I think that these two oh this this simple idea is kind of where it all starts number two is and we started this
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the last time we were here in 2020 we need to sequester a lot of the CO2 that's already in the environment and for me that's uh uh why I created the trillion tree program onet.org you know we have now
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commitments from all you folks here for 125 billion trees but we still need to go to 875 billion more the reason why is because we need to sequester 200
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gigatons of carbon we need to do that right now this is super important now that's not about planting trees necessarily though that's certainly a part of it but it's about protecting it's conserving it's about taking care of trees even the United States this
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year two incredible acts are infrastructure Bill and our uh inflation Bill both had tree planting uh funding for the very first time in the U.S government history at scale fantastic
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and number three is we need to innovate just like we heard we need to unleash an ecopreneur Revolution we need to get young people who are not to go necessarily to create Next Generation software companies like I did but to go
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create all of these technologies that are going to help us to get there you know there's some great folks here at the conference that are already doing that there's a great company Planet labs they just launched a satellite called carbon mapper it's the first time we
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have a satellite where we can see where is the carbon that we need to make sure that we could take care of because those are our banks and number two is where is all the methane on the planet and where are the leaks you know that we have no
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idea yet still how to visualize the methane this is the first time we'll be able to do that another great entrepreneur here lone bio from Sydney Australia building a Next Generation fertilizer but it's not a fertilizer at
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all actually it's mushrooms and when you plant these mushrooms with soybeans not only do you get crop yields to increase not only do you double the amount of CO2 that's being sequestered well you don't use the nitrogen that you're getting in
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fertilizer and I think we just saw a very compelling case of why that is absolutely so important and the third place things extremely important is all these next Generation battery technologies and so many other
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incredible things that we see emerging that could really change the game in fact where I live which is on an island in Hawaii well we're about 50 renewable already and we get that from solar we
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get that from wind and we have a volcano that we plug into called geothermal but for us to get to the next 50 percent we need to rebalance our grid with battery technologies using Next Generation batteries like iron ore these things are
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happening and that's what's exciting but we have to commit to being that zero we have to commit to getting a 50 clean energy by 2030 and the folks that can make it happen well it's got to start right here with all of us so I hope that
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the next time I ask the question how many folks here are committed to being Net Zero and nature positive every hand goes up thank you thank you thank you Mark let me now turn to roshni
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for me you always remind me of the future and the promise that the new generation can bring also to the table you're the chairperson of HDL Technologies first woman to lead a listed I.T company
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in India he also involved in various efforts building Leadership Academy for the economically less privileged you're a founder of habitat trust that looks at conserving ecosystems protecting species
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and most species to create sustainable ecosystems and you're a driver of many seemingly different initiatives company strategy social Enterprise nature conservation
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and one of the central theme of this year's annual meeting is about interconnection interdependencies and one of the Great India philosophers Shanti Deva speaks about how to analyze
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complex things recognize the network of causes and conditions that give rise to them and what he says is this everything is dependent on something else even that thing upon which each is
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dependent is not independent can you help me understand what the guru is saying and how should we think about business people Planet economic growth stewardship responsibility
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and connect the dots to make sense of our role and our responsibility in this world thank you Kimber and thank you so much for the presentation um
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I think the lens at which I look at the systems approach of how all biospheres is connected through fresh water which is something that you've raised in the
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presentation I come from India I live in India and I can say that 85 percent of natural disasters in India and perhaps in the rest of the world are related to
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water and fresh water in specific so longer wet Seasons longer droughts impacts on livelihood impacts on the most underserved women as well as
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children so I think that a systems thinking approach keeping fresh water at the center and realizing that all stakeholders are actually committed and
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connected is very important to recognize I think what we collectively can do in a room like this is there are as Mark mentioned amazing Solutions
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entrepreneurs and Innovations which are in many parts of the world and one of the things that we can do is that how do we actually get them to collaborate to connect to even pilot in different parts
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I think some solutions tend to be local but how can you actually take them Global and it all comes back to we cannot solve the climate crisis unless
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we address the freshwater crisis and we have to look Beyond carbon and I do believe that there are many solutions out there and we play the role of facilitators to allow those Innovations
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scale at speed thank you thank you roshni if I could just bring the third business voice and that was your first announcement it was made with a lot of skepticism
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but most recently what you actually did you actually brought forward the deadline to get to Net Zero by 2030 and what you've also done is to add a new arm to your company called for the skill future
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industry to make green hydrogen develop clean energy technology we've seen a lot of efforts by companies they tell us the good news but what we're seeing is that businesses are doing what they can but not what
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they must to address the crisis and I would like to ask you how do we address concerns by business of staying competitive while dealing
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with your crisis and what gives you that courage and confidence in charting a path that is still very new and almost scary for many of us
00:24:43
okay thank you um it's a terrific question I believe we should first start with the belief that we can do this that we can even move Beyond Net Zero move to real zero
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second if you have that in your mind you need leadership leadership which we've all come to learn and to be inspired by here in Davos third we need action and fourth we need
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collaboration I remember the last time we all met in January there was another pandemic about to break it was covered but the pandemic I saw I was here to try and defeat plastic entering the ocean
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the pandemic I saw was a horrible acceptance that we couldn't do anything about global warming we'd literally as a human population as an ecosystem of animals
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have to suck up a three percent rise in temperature like covert that pandemic's not completely over either I've been to meetings where I've heard scientists and others argue that we may
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have to get used to two percent I can tell you as a scientist that's an absolute disaster so we started first with the belief that we can we we just started even the
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Secretary General of the United Nations who I think is the greatest guy along with other speakers said we might not have the technology yet but we'll get there
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may I assure you we have the technology right now it's getting better sure it's improving absolutely but every industry in the world has
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sufficient technology now to start moving away from fossil fuels we're just but one example and I want to give you a public commitment I'll do
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everything I can with my companies to stop global warming and to eliminate emissions I'll do this by making sure every executive's bonus is attached to
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that Target and I'll do this because it's not only right for the planet but what I'm reaching out to business people all over the world to say this is good business
00:27:06
this morning the global mining Community met and we discussed how we were going to collaborate we started to believe last year we're beginning to take action this year and now we're going to collaborate
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how can we together take what's seen as a lag art industry and make it one of the first Industries to go green I can tell you how you put ammonia instead of diesel into
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your Railway engines you use hydrogen or electric power for your trucks use hydrogen or solar or wind electrons and batteries for all your power stations and before you nod
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you're saving a huge amount of capital if we have committed to spend 6.2 billion dollars we've made that public to give ourselves real Zero by 2030.
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we know how to do that the technology is going to improve and people who come after us we'll do it quicker and cheaper but that 6.2 billion will pay itself off just through the construction period of
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at least half we're down to nearly 3 billion and then after that over the next 20 years we can either blow up another 20 billion dollars on fossil fuel or we can save a billion dollars a year
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that's a great investment against a net 3 billion so my earnest request to every business leader is start
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believe you can take action collaborate I will share all the Technologies we have we spend hundreds of millions of dollars a year develop developing them
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you can have our technology for free but make a start because the alternative is both uneconomic eliminating emissions is great business
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but it's also catastrophic if you do nothing today thank you thank you thank you Andrew phone if we if I may now turn to you
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you're a Native American and also president of the National Congress of American Indians uh just uh at this year's annual meeting we have launched a report for those of you who have not read it please do it's
00:29:31
called embedding indigenous knowledge in the conservation and restoration of Landscapes and one of the highlights of this report talks about how indigenous people are one of the best stewards of
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nature they represent five percent of humanity but they actually protect eighty percent of Earth's biodiversity one third of all Earth's territories are owned or governed by indigenous communities
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and locals and 91 of this land are actually in good or Fair ecological condition right so they are contributing disproportionately to the health of our ecosystem but you're also at the front
00:30:08
line of climate change yes and but you've evolved practices over centuries right how to protect natural resources but also build in climate resiliency to changing conditions and we
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know even as we mitigate and address all the problems that we've accumulated over the years we need to adapt to how the climate is already changing can you share with us uh The Voice from your
00:30:35
community with the audience here and what can business and government learn from you as they evolve their strategies and plans to address the climate and nature crisis thank you thank you so much for the invitation I
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think the first things that I think is important to understand from our perspective we've been taught Through the Ages that every life form on the face of the planet has its proper place as divinely ordained by our Almighty
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Creator when one looks to the human body and the complexities every so has an importance and Chief Seattle taught us that all things are connected what we do
00:31:15
to the Earth we do to ourselves we are but one strand in a very complex Web of Life and our ancestors also foretold of a Day of Reckoning and we are in that
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Day of Reckoning right now at home at Quinault when I served as president of My Tribe I had to declare multiple states of Emergency due to sea level rise I've taken a helicopter flight to see personally face to face The
00:31:40
Disappearance of our glaciers the very place where my ancestors sign our treaty is now underwater and we are not alone indigenous peoples all across the planet are on the front lines we are also on
00:31:52
the front lines of defending our relatives in the ocean in the forests from environmental genocide just since 1948 when the U.N Declaration on the rights of uh on human
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on human beings was adopted the U.N declaration uh 12 million indigenous peoples have been murdered since 1948 40 million dispossessed of their
00:32:20
traditional lands in our lifetime and so I think when you look at the scale of that crisis of a global Injustice for centuries one might think that we are weak and vulnerable but I want to make
00:32:33
it very clear here today to the contrary indigenous peoples are not weak and vulnerable we are strong we are resilient we have in our DNA ancestral knowledge that goes back from that very
00:32:45
first generation that was called to planet Earth we were taught these things and Through the Ages generation after generation we have taken that knowledge and we've passed it on to Future
00:32:57
Generations looking Seven Generations out and so I personally have come in less four months face to face with sacred sites at Oak flat entering that sacred place where the San Carlos Apache
00:33:10
people leapt to their death and I felt the Thunder I've been at Cheyenne and Arapaho and offering prayers and we were surrounded by 800 Buffalo and we could feel them we could feel their energy and
00:33:22
we are taught the salmon cannot get out of the ocean to defend themselves in court and in lawsuits but we are their voice and we are their Guardians and we have that sacred Duty and so I would like to just offer some hope here and my
00:33:35
final comment I think that we need to learn those lessons we are taught to look to science the scientific report heed that have the political courage to make those decisions do not look at
00:33:48
decisions as a cost of business look at decisions as human existence and our relative's existence for generations to come listen to the alarms of our most vulnerable our children who are taking
00:34:00
the streets because they don't see a life into adulthood our natural world in the Pacific Northwest Tahlequah the Orca whale who carried her dead calf for 17 days to alarm us that the Salish sea off
00:34:12
of Seattle is sick dying and also our faith leaders they know that this crisis is much more than physical and environmental schisms we have a deeply
00:34:25
wounded Spirit as a people that is in desperate need of healing and restoration and we must look to our Almighty Creator to find our proper place in humanity our proper place as that one strand and we have everything
00:34:39
in this room when you look at the new and emerging Science and Technology as far as the mind can see and you look back centuries of traditional knowledge and wisdom from when time began the
00:34:51
wealth of this planet if just spent in ways that adheres to the basic principles of our peoples of our indigenous peoples that is the path forward very good
00:35:05
thank you thank you we should have a title this session uh turbo charging leadership on Earth's news New Normal
00:35:19
vice presidential if I may call on you you've been leading this for more than 40 years shaping Global conversations on climate change
00:35:31
encouraging the development adoption of low carbon Technologies you've promoted climate education and awareness among the youths and activists in fact I've come across many of these young people
00:35:43
who have been inspired by you to join environmental sustainability worker in in business and you've also recently launched satellite Technologies to track emissions whole companies as
00:35:56
well as countries accountable for their pledges Johan and joita they've tried to make the science simple for us it was not easy we gave them only 10 minutes it is a very complex subject with Merlot
00:36:07
intertwining issues and implications but you've got a lot of experience as a politician in business as being as well as being an advocate and activist and today I'd like to ask you as a
00:36:20
global leader what advice do you have for all of us who want to contribute to be that Force for good what are some of the effective tools and levers that you think we should focus on and pull on as a global community
00:36:34
well thank you um again why I appreciate your leadership thank you for inviting me to be on this wonderful panel and I want to compliment Johan and joyita for their presentation at the beginning and
00:36:46
I'm certainly looking forward to my friend Yo-Yo Ma playing at the end of this panel you know we tend to emphasize the the bad news and there is unfortunately a lot of it but there's a lot of good news
00:36:59
as well and and I just want to cover some of it in my country we passed the inflation reduction act which is primarily a climate Act
00:37:11
369 billion which will actually be much larger than that because the heavy lifting is done by tax credits that are very long term some of them actually open-ended and the early Investments
00:37:24
that have already been triggered by it give a great deal of Reason uh many reasons for believing it's going to be much larger than 369 billion so I'm very encouraged by that secondly in Andrew's
00:37:37
home country Australia the elections changed the climate policy of Australia and then the elections in Brazil change the climate policies in Brazil so there
00:37:50
is good news we do have some momentum the European Union has been mostly successful in balancing the need to respond to the short-term energy crisis
00:38:02
caused by Russia's evil and cruel invasion of Ukraine balancing that short-term crisis with the need to Accel rate the longer term transition to renewable energy
00:38:15
there is still a risk that it will get locked in to fossil fuel infrastructure that actually increases emissions in the years going forward and we have to be careful about that there's more good
00:38:27
news as well on the technology front as Andrew said we have the Technologies we need the International Energy agency says for a 50 reduction we have all the Technologies we need with proven
00:38:39
deployment models already available to us the next 50 percent after 2030 we have the technologies that are in development we see the pathway to improve them we know how to get there
00:38:53
we've already seen last year if you look at all the new electricity generation installed worldwide 90 percent of it was renewable it's now the cheapest source of electricity in almost the entire
00:39:05
planet secondly electric vehicles for the transportation sector the penetration has reached the 10 percent level in multiple geographies that's the point where you often see an inflection
00:39:19
going much higher Norway is already at 50 percent all the auto makers are going in that direction business is leading Andrew and Mark of course are two wonderful examples there are many others
00:39:31
and in the weft this year I have noticed a huge increase in the amount of passion and attention being paid by CEOs and other Business Leaders
00:39:45
it is for real but as the Secretary General said in His Brilliant speech earlier today we are not winning the crisis is still getting
00:39:56
worse faster than we are deploying these Solutions and we need to make changes quickly emissions are still going up all these promises of the last few years to cut a mission emissions are still going
00:40:09
up when are we going to bring these emissions down and and just to put the science in a slightly different context people are familiar with that Thin Blue
00:40:20
Line that the astronauts bring back in their pictures from space that's the that's the part of the atmosphere that has oxygen the troposphere uh and it's
00:40:32
only five to seven kilometers thick that's what we're using as an open sewer if you could drive a car straight up in the air at interstate highway speeds you get to the top of that blue line in five minutes and all the greenhouse gas
00:40:46
pollution would be below you we're still putting 162 million tons into it every single day and the accumulated amount is now trapping as much extra heat as would be released by 600
00:40:58
000 Hiroshima class atomic bombs exploding every single day on the earth that's what's boiling the oceans creating these atmospheric rivers and the rain bombs and sucking the moisture out of the land and creating the
00:41:10
droughts and melting the ice and raising the sea level and causing these waves of climate refugees predicted to reach 1 billion in this Century look at the xenophobia and political authoritarian
00:41:22
trends that have come from just a few million refugees what about a billion we would lose our capacity for self-governance on this world we have to act so in answer to your question I
00:41:33
would say we have to have a sense of urgency much greater than we have yet had and we need have had and we need to make some changes we've heard about divides at this conference between the
00:41:46
North and South and the East and West there's another divide increasingly between those who are old enough to be in positions of power and the young people of this world Greta tunberg was just arrested in
00:41:59
Germany I agree with her efforts to stop that a coal mine in Germany young people around the world are looking at what we're doing they look at the world back and they say oh you've got a climate denier in charge of
00:42:13
the World Bank so why are you surprised that the World Bank is completely failing to do its job Secretary General says that everybody knows the World Bank is failing badly now we have the cot
00:42:25
process okay what do I say to these young activists that I train around the world when they come to me and they say are you okay with putting the the CEO of
00:42:38
one of the largest oil companies in the world in as the president of the cop is that really okay well it's not whether he's a nice guy or not or whether he's intelligent
00:42:51
the appearance of a conflict of interest undermines confidence at a time when climate activists around the world and I'm partly speaking for them right here on this stage have come to the conclusion that the people in Authority
00:43:04
are not doing their job there's a lot of blah blah blah as Greta says there are a lot of words and there are some meaningful commitments but we are still failing badly we need to have a super
00:43:17
majority process instead of unanimity in the cop we cannot let the oil companies and gas companies and petrol States tell us what is permissible in the last cop we were not allowed to even discuss
00:43:30
scaling down oil and gas can't discuss it a lot of the ndcs weren't even called for are we going to be able to discuss face scaling down oil and gas in the next cop or or do or
00:43:43
putting the oil industry in charge of the cop is that going to tell young people around the world we've just decided to not even disguise it anymore let me finish with this point on the on
00:43:55
the industry you've had problems in your area where you tried to get legislation and the oil and gas industry came in and fought you right in my state same thing every piece
00:44:08
of pro-climate legislation at the national level the regional level the local level Municipal level the oil and gas industry and the coal industry they come in and fight it tooth and nail and
00:44:21
they use their legacy network of political influence and wealth to stop progress the rest of us have to reform these International institutions so that the people of this world and including
00:44:34
the young people of this world can say we are now in charge of our own destiny we're going to stop using the sky as an open sewer we're going to save the future and give people hope we can do it
00:44:47
and remember that political will is itself a renewable resource [Music] excuse me this is a nice safe way for me to invite
00:45:11
um Colombian president president Petro because the last words from algo vice president algo was political will you took office very recently in August
00:45:23
2022 with a promise to drive social transformation for peace as well as for the environment and you've also been a very strong
00:45:35
Advocate to mobilize all of humanity to address the climate crisis and one of the key objectives of this meeting is to focus on how we can reshape and lay a new foundation for
00:45:51
industrial agricultural Systems address changes that is very badly needed in our models of production and consumption while dealing with the immediate issues of safeguarding lives jobs
00:46:04
addressing water food and energy security issues and I'd like you to share with us some of the ideas and changes you would like to propose both for Colombia as well as
00:46:17
for the global political community Mr Preston thank you first I'd like to talk about politics and ask a question
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for everyone first [Music] when we look at statistics in terms of the accumulation receive or two in the atmosphere and we are worse than ever
00:46:51
can we talk about policy and politically correct these courses when we know that these statistics mean that we are reaching a
00:47:03
point of not return and that means the extinction of life and once we meet here this is happening I think that sometimes we have false
00:47:14
optimism and this turns into inertia and inaction and lack of political will because we do not wish to fulfill the obligations that we have to meet we know
00:47:28
that things are aggravating and so what we're doing is not correct we are mistaken Society politics power economy
00:47:40
capitalism and that will be my second point and it's something that is not often mentioned capitalism the capitalism that we have known in the
00:47:54
last 30 40 years overcome the climate crisis that the capitalism helped create it's a rhetorical question but it also makes sense because if the answer is no
00:48:06
then we're wasting our time as we reach the normal return points the capitalism that we know nowadays has a driving force and logic
00:48:18
and that is to increase our profits in such a way and that's how we talk about history to regulate everything without political or
00:48:33
social boundaries and that's the one we have this has resulted in some sort of global Anarchy we have individual capitalists who try
00:48:45
to make the most profit and this is linked to their capital and productivity so to achieve more in less time and
00:48:57
productivity is linked to energy [Music] the only source of energy to increase profit is carbon oil and gas and this has resulted in a change in our
00:49:15
atmosphere we have to put an entities if we wish to live in our planet can our capitalism do this based on the current data we won't be able to do so
00:49:28
therefore perhaps we should do the following reflection if capitalism is unable to do so either Humanity will die with it or
00:49:42
Humanity will overcome capitalism so that we can live in our planet and let me go to another point let's say that we have a different type of capitalism different from what we
00:49:57
have nowadays and I'll call it decarbonized capitalism let's call it and this capitalism could overcome the climate crisis this capitalism should conduct major
00:50:12
changes in the way of life and the way of existing and running our politics and economy today for instance capitalism should State explicitly that
00:50:23
the only way to stop the crime of Crisis is put an end to oil and coal consumption and zero emissions that's what science
00:50:35
is telling us and this means that Capital linked to oil coals and gas should lose its value
00:50:49
and as our the World Cups are managing this sort of capital and to see how we cope with the climate crisis we're not doing well if the carbonized capitalism could exist
00:51:06
this capitalism should enable Nations to better plan at a public level at state level the future multilateral Democratic and Global
00:51:24
efforts because we're talking about a global issue and why because if we let the price system on the market to find a solution and to transition
00:51:35
from one energy to another clean energies are not yet proving that our work is more productive and therefore there's more profit and therefore individual capitalists won't go for a
00:51:49
transition unless this is proven and this may not happen within the time we have therefore we need to plan that state level at public level to change the profit of driving force and to have
00:52:03
the necessary planning so that we can go and carry out this transition a global level and this would mean that the cop meetings of we have nowadays should have a abiding power
00:52:17
for instance the World Trade Organization agreements if we avoid any of these agreements there's a sanction and there's a process but in cop meetings but we have our suggestions
00:52:31
that are political a politician could take into account or not but we talk about a World Trade Agreement these Agreements are binding but the need to
00:52:43
satisfy our needs are not binding when we talk about decarbonized capitalism meetings should have a legally binding power and therefore the decisions become mandates and therefore
00:52:58
will trade agreements and the international monetary fund Agreements are subjected to climate agreements and not the other way around that could be
00:53:10
an option and this but until every form of the International Financial system which is not existing nowadays and with this I conclude how can we Finance this transition if we
00:53:23
look at cognitives I come from cop27 they were telling me that all the countries are heavily indebted so how are we going to become more indebted to conduct this transition
00:53:38
and we said why can't not change this and change that it has been contracted by countries Into Climate action so that resources budgetary resources
00:53:53
are free so that we can conduct adaptation and mitigation why don't we devalue Global debts this would entail a change of the power system why are the fiscal Havens
00:54:07
nowadays these weakened the funding of energy transitioned for instance all these issues would need a decarbonized capitalism but
00:54:21
this is not on the table nowadays and unless this is on the table we won't be able as humankind to move to a decarbonized economy and the consequences would mean that the current
00:54:34
capitalism is unable that could die with humankind decarbonized capitalism could become an illusion unfortunately maybe we start to move
00:54:49
towards extension unless as humankind we can act politically in a way that we can specifically reduce CO2 Greenhouse
00:55:02
emissions thank you thank you president Petro thank you we are running out of time unfortunately all right but um before I invite yoyo Ma
00:55:15
on stage right I would like to each of the panelists to leave us with one word this session is about leadership it's about leadership at the time of cascading crisis it's about leadership through Earth's New Normal so Mark may be starting with you just one word
00:55:29
to live with the audience now yes I think now is a good word oh now ah roshni fresh water Andrew yeah well God just have to say
00:55:41
belief leadership action collaboration fun indigenous early to bed early to rise work like hell and organize
00:55:58
zero use of coal gas and oil is about the heart mind and soul all and our chairman Klaus would also tell you that it's also about muscle and nerve
00:56:12
as the concluding segment of this plenary we would like to bring to you also the emotional power of music to drive meaningful action and who better
00:56:23
than Yo-Yo Ma who has lived his life reaching for the unimaginable and also working together to make it happen so let us welcome on stasha Yo-Yo Ma
00:56:35
[Applause] giveaway what an extraordinary panel you have assembled I've listened carefully
00:56:49
to everybody and I was riveted and one thing that struck me is how incredibly passionate you each one of you is not only have you assembled vast
00:57:04
amounts of information turned into deep knowledge but you've turned that knowledge into a deep personal commitment a mission which to me is a
00:57:16
form of love so thank you for that and while I was listening to all of you and to our wonderful scientists
00:57:28
I thought of something that the distinguished physicist Freeman Dyson wrote shortly before he died he said he believed that
00:57:40
the speed of cultural Evolution the speed of cultural evolution is now faster than the speed of biological evolution so
00:57:53
what does that mean to me it's something very simple it means that we now hold our destiny in our hands and that's what you're all talking about and so I think
00:58:06
that it means it's our choice it's our choice to make um to whether we will succeed to thrive and
00:58:18
um or we will be actually uh be the instruments of the next Extinction so um one thing I would like to say is that I know nobody likes to be told what to
00:58:33
do certainly nobody in this room and so but deep personal commitment comes from Individual choice and this is
00:58:45
another thing that you're talking about and deep personal choice comes from our finding the on switch button which each one of us only what we
00:58:57
know where it is so while I play something for you I would like all of you to consider to to think of where that switch is and
00:59:09
once you locate it make that choice thank you [Music]
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thank you [Music] [Music]
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thank you foreign [Music]
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foreign foreign [Music]
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foreign [Music]
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foreign foreign [Music]
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foreign [Music] [Music]
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foreign [Music]
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foreign
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[Music]
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[Music] foreign [Music] [Applause]
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oh you went
End of transcript